ATTENZIONE!!! Il software descritto in questo articolo NON E’ APPROVATO PER ESSERE UTILIZZATO IN AMBITO CLINICO!!! Il programma non è mai stato valutato dal punto di vista scientifico ed è nato come esperimento per cercare di capire il funzionamento di software simili e provare a realizzarne uno in licenza libera. Ogni uso sui pazienti di questo programma è assolutamente sconsigliato in quanto a volte fornisce informazioni errate!
Se mai un giorno questo software sarà validato l’uso sarà riservato esclusivamente al personale sanitario, l’unico in grado di fornire i comandi corretti e riconoscere eventuali errori, oltre che in grado di prendersi la responsabilità piena per il suo utilizzo di fronte alla legge.
Gli articoli scientifici usati nel training sono forniti e redistribuiti secondo licenze Creative Commons (alcuni pubblico dominio) che ne permettono l’utilizzo in opere derivate (vedere i singoli articoli scaricabili dallo zip sotto, per ogni segnalazione relativa ad errori o al copyright utilizzare la mail agalatiml@gmail.com o questo blog)
Proprio in questi giorni sto facendo alcuni test con GPT4All per capire quale LLM è il migliore da usare abbinato agli articoli di MMGPT, per usi medici. A tal fine facendo diversi test credo di aver trovato la risposta! 🙂 Qui sotto riporto alcuni esempi (E’ sempre stata utilizzata la versione 0.2 beta dei documenti di MMGPT).
Il quesito diagnostico utilizzato tutte le volte è stato il seguente:
Scabies therapy
Ovvero : “terapia per la scabbia”
Mistral instruct (GPT4All default):
Scabies is a skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. It can be treated with various medications, including topical creams and oral pills. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the severity of the infection, whether it has spread to other parts of the body, and any underlying medical conditions.
Topical treatments for scabies typically involve applying a medication directly to the affected skin. This can be done using a cream or ointment that contains permethrin, ivermectin, or sulfacaridine. These medications work by killing the mites and their eggs, which helps to prevent further spread of the infection.
Oral treatments for scabies may also be used in some cases. These medications typically involve taking a pill that contains permethrin or ivermectin. Oral treatments are generally less effective than topical treatments, but they can be useful if the infection has spread to other parts of the body and cannot be treated with a topical medication alone.
It’s important to note that scabies is highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person. To prevent further transmission of the infection, it’s essential to practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding close contact with others who have scabies. Additionally, all household members and close contacts should be treated for scabies to prevent re-infestation.
Il software da una risposta corretta anche senza utilizzare gli articoli (ovviamente non fornisce le sue fonti)
Mistral instruct + MMGPT:
Scabies is a highly contagious skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The treatment for scabies typically involves applying an insecticide to kill the mites, followed by topical application of an antiseptic or antibacterial agent to prevent secondary infections.
There are several different types of insecticides that can be used to treat scabies, including:
- Permethrin: This is a commonly prescribed insecticide that is applied as a lotion or cream to the skin for 8-14 hours. It is effective against both adult and larval mites and has been shown to have low rates of resistance.
- Ivermectin: This is another widely used insecticide that can be taken orally or applied topically as a lotion or cream. It is also effective against both adult and larval mites, but may not be suitable for use in pregnant women due to potential risks to the developing fetus.
- Lindane: This is an older insecticide that has been used to treat scabies for many years. However, it is now less commonly prescribed due to concerns about its safety and potential long-term effects on the nervous system.
- Benzoyl peroxide: This is a topical antibacterial agent that can be applied directly to the skin to kill any secondary infections caused by scabies. It may also help to reduce itching associated with the infection.
- Topical corticosteroids: These are anti-inflammatory medications that can be used to reduce redness and irritation caused by scabies. They may also help to prevent secondary infections.
It is important to note that different types of insecticides have different strengths, durations of action, and potential side effects. Therefore, the choice of therapy should be based on individual patient needs and circumstances, as well as local guidelines for treatment. In addition, it is important to ensure proper application and dosing of any medication used to treat scabies in order to maximize its effectiveness and minimize risks.
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 4. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 5. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 6. Context
Come già visto nel test precedente utilizzando MMGPT assieme all’LLM si ottiene una risposta più completa e corredata di fonti bibliografiche a sua verifica
GPT4All-Falcon:
Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is spread through close physical contact, such as sexual activity or sharing of clothing and bedding. Treatment involves prescription medication, such as permethrin cream, which kills the mites on the skin. It is important to follow the instructions carefully and avoid re-infestation by washing all clothing and bedding in hot water.
Questa risposta, ottenuta con un altro degli LLM disponibili nella sezione download del software, è molto stringata
GPT4All-Falcon + MMGPT:
The context provided is a study on the strategies against scabies in infants and young children. The study found that there was missing information regarding treatment outcomes for 63 cases out of 187 during the study period. The retrospective nature of the study made it difficult to implement interventions related to therapy choices. Different approaches were used in the study, including the use of topical creams, oral medication, and phototherapy. The study also identified a high prevalence of scabies in infants and young children.
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 4. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 5. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 6. Context
In questo caso le fonti trovate sono corrette….ma la risposta è totalmente inutile! (in generale questo LLM l’ho trovato pessimo)
Dopo questo test ho visto chiaramente come il dataset utilizzato per creare LLM influisce pesantemente sulle risposte anche con un dataset di articoli ben fatto. Quindi mi sono fatto una semplice domanda: Ha senso testare un LLM leggero a cui abbinare gli articoli? In modo che le informazioni scientifiche siano prese solo o quasi dai testi scientifici che fornisco? (LLM avrebbe solo funzione di regolare la logica e la grammatica). Questo dovrebbe in teoria ridurre le allucinazioni e al contempo rendere anche il modello più leggero ed in grado di girare anche su hardware più datati:
mini ORCA:
Scabies is a type of infestation caused by the itch mite, which is a small parasitic insect found on the skin. The treatment for scabies involves medication that kills the itch mite and helps to relieve symptoms such as itching, redness, and inflammation. Some common medications used for scabies include ivermectin, selumetinib, and permethrin. It is important to follow the instructions of your healthcare provider or a trained health professional when using any medication to treat scabies. Additionally, it may be necessary to seek medical attention if the infestation is severe or spreading to other parts of the body.
Questo è il modello più leggero disponibile nella sezione download di GPT4All. La risposta è fornita molto velocemente ed è accurata seppur stringata (la cosa non deve tuttavia sorprendere)
mini ORCA + MMGPT:
I’m sorry, but it seems like you have not provided any information about scabies treatment options. Could you please provide more details or context so that I can assist you better?
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 4. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 5. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 6. Context
Il software praticamente in tutti i casi testati con questo LLM ignora nelle risposte gli articoli scientifici forniti…quindi è bocciato senza appello!
A questo punto ho iniziato a cercare in rete un altro LLM che fosse leggero ed al contempo che funzionasse a dovere. Il principale sospetto che ho su ORCA infatti è che, essendo sviluppato da Microsoft, censuri i risultati e quindi non acceda a documenti esterni, per evitare di fornire risposte “non politicamente corrette”. Mi serve quindi in sintesi un LLM con queste caratteristiche:
- Leggero
- Che accetti documenti forniti dal plugin di GPT4All LocalDoc
- Che non sia censurato
La risposta che ho trovato è stata Naberius! (in particolare la sua versione più leggera, 7B.Q2 K, l’ho trovata ottima!)
Questo LLM richiede inoltre solo 6 GB di RAM per funzionare, quindi è assolutamente adatto a girare anche su PC di fascia media come quelli che si possono trovare nello studio di un medico di medicina generale. Sul mio hardware è stato inoltre molto più rapido di Mistral nel rispondere!
Qui sotto i dettagli del test con il quesito già proposto.
Naberius:
Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the scabies mite, which burrows into the skin and lays eggs. The most common symptoms include intense itching, rashes, and tiny blisters or bumps on the skin. Treatment for scabies typically involves topical creams or oral medications to kill the mites and their eggs. In addition to medication, other treatments may include over-the-counter antihistamines to reduce itchiness, as well as proper hygiene practices such as washing bedding and clothing in hot water and vacuuming carpets and furniture regularly. It is also important for individuals with scabies to avoid close contact with others until the infection has been treated to prevent further spread of the condition. If you suspect that you or someone you know may have scabies, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
La risposta con il modello senza gli articoli è sintetica ma comunque più approfondita di quella fornita da mini ORCA, con tempi anche simili
Naberius + MMGPT:
Scabies is a contagious skin infection caused by mites called Sarcoptes scabiei. It can cause intense itching, rashes, and sores on the skin. In infants and young children, it’s essential to treat scabies promptly and effectively to prevent complications and spread of the infection.
Here are some strategies for treating scabies in infants and young children:
- Diagnosis: A dermatologist or pediatrician can diagnose scabies by examining the skin, looking for burrows (tiny tunnels) where mites live, and rashes that may be present. In some cases, a skin scraping test may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
- Treatment: The most common treatment for scabies is permethrin cream or lotion applied topically to the entire body from head to toe. This medication kills mites and their eggs by paralyzing them with its insecticidal properties. It’s essential to apply the cream thoroughly, including in between the toes, under fingernails, and behind the ears.
- Re-treatment: In some cases, a second treatment may be necessary 7-10 days after the initial application of permethrin cream or lotion. This is because scabies mites can survive for up to two weeks without feeding on human skin.
- Antibiotics: If there are signs of bacterial infection such as pus, redness, and swelling, antibiotics may be prescribed by a pediatrician or dermatologist.
- Quarantine: It’s essential to quarantine the infected child from other family members and friends for at least 24 hours after treatment to prevent further spread of scabies mites. Washing bedding, clothing, and towels in hot water and using a lice comb on personal items can also help reduce the risk of re-infection.
- Education: Parents or caregivers should be educated about the importance of hygiene practices such as washing hands frequently, keeping fingernails short, and avoiding close contact with others during treatment to prevent further spread of scabies mites.
- Follow-up: A follow-up appointment with a pediatrician or dermatologist is essential to ensure that the scabies infection has been effectively treated and to monitor for any complications such as secondary bacterial infections.
- Education: Parents or caregivers should be educated about the importance of hygiene practices such as washing hands frequently, keeping fingernails short, and avoiding close contact with others during treatment to prevent further spread of scabies mites.
- Follow-up: A follow-up appointment with a pediatrician or dermatologist is essential to ensure that the scabies infection has been effectively treated and to monitor for any complications such as secondary bacterial infections.
In conclusion, treating scabies in infants and young children requires prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, quarantine measures, education about hygiene practices, and follow-up care. By following these strategies, the risk of complications and spread of infection can be minimized.
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 4. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 5. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 6. Context
Questa risposta, oltre ad essere stata formulata in tempi solo poco più lunghi che con l LLM da solo, è la più accurata che ho ottenuto finora! Approfondita, corretta e che riprende con estrema accuratezza i dati contenuti nell’articolo sulla scabbia incluso in MMGPT! Direi che questo LLM è al momento il più adatto per i test successivi.
GPT 3.5 (ChatGPT LLM):
Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. Treatment involves both medications to kill the mites and measures to prevent reinfestation and spread of the infestation. Here are the typical steps involved in scabies therapy:
Prescription Medications:
Topical Creams or Lotions: The most common treatment is applying a prescription cream or lotion containing permethrin (5%) or sulfur in petrolatum to the entire body from the neck down. This is usually left on overnight and washed off in the morning.
Oral Medications: In some cases, oral medications such as ivermectin may be prescribed, especially if topical treatments haven’t been effective or for certain populations like those in institutional outbreaks.
Treatment Application: The medication is applied to clean, dry skin over the entire body from the neck down, including all skin folds and under fingernails. For infants and young children, it’s essential to apply the medication to their scalp, face, and neck, since scabies can affect these areas as well.
Repeat Treatment: Sometimes, a second round of treatment is necessary, usually about a week after the first application, to ensure all mites and eggs are eradicated. This is especially important if symptoms persist.
Wash Bedding and Clothing: All bedding, towels, and recently worn clothing should be washed in hot water and dried on a hot cycle or dry-cleaned to kill any mites or eggs.
Household Cleaning: Thoroughly vacuum carpets, upholstery, and any other surfaces that may have come into contact with the affected individual’s skin. This can help remove any mites that might have fallen off the body. Isolate from
Close Contacts: Individuals with scabies should avoid close physical contact with others until treatment has been completed to prevent spreading the infestation.
Treatment of Close Contacts: People who have had close contact with an infected person may need to be treated as a preventive measure, even if they don’t show symptoms.
It’s crucial to follow the treatment plan prescribed by a healthcare professional and complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve. Additionally, consulting a doctor is essential to confirm the diagnosis and receive the appropriate treatment regimen for scabies.
GPT4All può utilizzare anche le API di ChatGPT e dei suoi 2 LLM online (GOT 3.5 Turbo e GPT 4) motivo per cui ho acquistato ChatGPT plus e creato un’ API key per fare dei test di confronto con gli LLM locali. La risposta in questi casi è stata velocissima (grazie all’hardware in cloud) ed anche accuratissima. Ovviamente questo LLM non fornisce le fonti che utilizza ed essendo cloud può presentare problemi di privacy non trascurabili, oltre a costare una decina di euro per ottenere l’ API Key. Vediamo tuttavia cosa succede abbinando a GPT 3.5 i documenti di MMGPT.
GPT 3.5 Turbo + MMGPT:
Scabies therapy typically involves the use of topical medications to kill the mites and relieve symptoms. The most common treatment is the application of a prescription cream or lotion containing permethrin, which is applied to the entire body from the neck down and left on for a specified amount of time before being washed off. Other options include oral medications such as ivermectin, which may be used in certain cases. It is important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider and complete the full course of treatment to ensure successful eradication of the mites. Additionally, it is recommended to wash all clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water and dry them on high heat to kill any mites that may be present.
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 4. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 5. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 6. Context
La risposta è molto sintetica e non include informazioni dagli articoli forniti. Credo che ciò sia dovuto ad un problema di censura analogo a quello di mini ORCA…. vediamo cosa succede con GPT 4!
GPT 4:
Scabies is a skin infestation caused by a mite known as Sarcoptes scabiei. The primary symptoms are intense itching and a pimple-like skin rash. The mites burrow into the skin to live and lay eggs. Scabies is contagious and can spread quickly through close physical contact in a family, child care group, school class, nursing home, or prison.
Standard Treatment:
Topical Scabicides:
Permethrin cream (5%): This is the most commonly prescribed treatment for scabies. It's safe for adults, pregnant women, and children over two months old. Apply it to all areas of the body from the neck down, usually before bed, leaving it on for 8-14 hours before washing off.
Crotamiton (Eurax, Crotan): Less effective than permethrin and not recommended for children.
Sulfur ointment: Used in certain populations like infants and pregnant women.
Oral Medication:
Ivermectin (Stromectol): This oral medication is sometimes used for scabies cases that do not respond to topical treatments, or for crusted scabies. It's usually taken as a single dose, which may need to be repeated in a week.
Supportive Treatments:
Antihistamines: To relieve itching, over-the-counter antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) can be helpful. Pruritus Relief: Calamine lotion, cool baths, or soothing lotions can reduce itching. Infection Prevention: If scratching leads to skin infections, antibiotics may be necessary.
Important Considerations:
Treat Close Contacts: It's crucial to treat family members and close contacts, even if they show no symptoms. Clean Clothing and Bedding: Wash all clothing, towels, and bedding used by the infested person in the 48 hours before treatment in hot water and dry in a hot dryer. Vacuum furniture and carpeting. Follow Instructions: Use medication exactly as directed and for the full course, even if symptoms seem to improve. Avoid Overuse: Overuse of scabicides can irritate the skin or cause toxicity.
Special Cases:
Crusted (Norwegian) Scabies: This severe form of scabies, often seen in immunocompromised individuals, requires aggressive treatment, often with multiple doses of oral ivermectin and topical scabicides. Infants and Young Children: Treatment recommendations may differ, such as applying the cream to the entire body, including the head and face.
Prevention:
Avoid Contact: Avoid physical contact and sharing of clothing, bedding, or towels with an infected person. Screen and Treat Contacts: Close contacts should be screened and treated if necessary.
Follow-Up:
Reevaluation: If symptoms persist after treatment, consult a healthcare provider. Sometimes itching can continue for a few weeks even after successful treatment. Retreatment: In some cases, especially if the initial treatment protocol wasn't fully followed, retreatment might be necessary.
When to See a Doctor:
If you suspect scabies but have not been diagnosed. If symptoms persist or worsen after treatment. If new burrows or rash continue to appear.
Remember, while online information can be helpful, it’s always best to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan tailored to individual needs.
La risposta è analoga a quella ottenuta con GPT 3.5 Turbo.
GPT 4 + MMGPT:
Scabies is a skin condition caused by a mite known as the Sarcoptes scabiei. In infants and young children, treatment can be a bit challenging due to their sensitive skin. However, there are several therapies available.
- Topical treatments: The most common treatment for scabies is the use of topical creams and lotions that contain chemicals like permethrin or lindane. These are applied all over the body, usually at night, and washed off after 8 to 14 hours.
- Oral medication: In some cases, oral medication like ivermectin may be used, especially if topical treatments are not effective. However, this is usually not the first line of treatment and is typically reserved for severe cases or when topical treatments cannot be used.
- Antihistamines: To help relieve itching and inflammation, antihistamines may be prescribed.
- Antibiotics: If the scabies has led to a secondary bacterial infection, antibiotics may be necessary.
- Hygiene measures: Alongside medical treatment, it’s important to wash all clothing, bedding, and towels that the person has used in the last 3 days to prevent re-infestation.
Remember, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any treatment to ensure it’s safe and suitable for the child’s age and overall health condition.
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 4. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 5. Context
- “Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children”. By Katharina Riebenbauer. Date: 2023, August 03. In Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children.pdf. Page 6. Context
Risposta corretta ed abbastanza approfondita …tuttavia oltre al costo dell’API key per usare GPT 4 è necessario sborsare altri 20 e passa euro al mese (questo modello non è gratuito). Inoltre il risultato ottenuto con Naberius + MMGPT è di gran lunga superiore!
A questo punto ho testato l’accoppiata Naberius + MMGPT con altri quesiti già proposti in questo blog.
Quesito: parkinsonism unresponsive to levodopa therapy associated with urinary disorders and cerebellar signs. atrophy of the middle cerebellar peduncles is observed on MRI while hypometabolism of the cerebellum is highlighted on FDG PET. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Naberius + MMGPT (risposta corretta):
The most probable diagnosis for this patient with parkinsonism unresponsive to levodopa therapy associated with urinary disorders and cerebellar signs, atrophy of the middle cerebellar peduncles observed on MRI while hypometabolism of the cerebellum is highlighted on FDG PET would be a rare form of Parkinson’s disease called multiple system atrophy (MSA). This diagnosis should be confirmed by further testing and consultation with a neurologist.
- Date: 2023, July 26. In A Systematic Review of the Usage of Rotigotine During Early and Advanced Stage Parkinson’s.pdf. Page 1. Context
- Date: 2023, July 26. In A Systematic Review of the Usage of Rotigotine During Early and Advanced Stage Parkinson’s.pdf. Page 1. Context
- “1060017 639..654”. Date: 2023, July 23. In Orthostatic Hypotension and Antiparkinsonian Drugs A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.pdf. Page 10. Context
Quesito: rectal ulcers; on biopsy they only affect the mucosa and no granulomas are observed. Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis?
Naberius + MMGPT (risposta corretta, la più accurata e netta fornita finora per questo quesito):
Based on the description provided, it is more likely that this condition resembles ulcerative colitis rather than Crohn’s disease. The presence of rectal ulcers with a segmental or patchy distribution and no granulomas observed in biopsies are characteristic features of ulcerative colitis. In contrast, Crohn’s disease typically involves the entire colon in a discontinuous pattern and is characterized by the presence of granulomas on histological examination. Therefore, it can be concluded that this condition most likely represents ulcerative colitis rather than Crohn’s disease.
- “HDJIR_7247238 1..16”. Date: 2023, August 06. In A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.pdf. Page 1. Context
- “Protein- mediated enamel mineralization”. By Janet Oldak. Date: 2023, August 06. In A review of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods of inflammatory bowel disease.pdf. Page 4. Context
- ““Stranger things” in the gut: uncommon items in gastrointestinal specimens”. By Federica Grillo. Date: 2023, August 06. In Stranger things in the gut uncommon items in gastrointestinal specimens.pdf. Page 4. Context
Ultima cosa da testare è la lingua Italiana. Sia Mistral instruct sia Naberius sono infatti compatibili con l’italiano a differenza dei modelli testati con privateGPT. Dato che per ora non ho ancora tradotto con Google traduttore tutti gli articoli di MMGPT in italiano, ho deciso di fare solo un piccolo test preliminare fornendo a questi 2 LLM il Codice Penale Italiano come documento aggiuntivo… per provare a vedere come se la cavavano come giudici! 😀
accusa (omicidio volontario aggravato dall’utilizzo di veleno o altro metodo insidioso, punito in Italia con l’ergastolo): qual’è la pena per il signor Mario che ha ammazzato sua moglie dandole del veleno nella cena?
Mistral instruct:
La pena per il signor Mario che ha ammazzato sua moglie dandole del veleno nella cena è una questione legale e morale. In Italia, la legge prevede che il reato di omicidio è punibile con la pena di vita o con 30 anni di carcere. La sentenza viene determinata dalla giustizia italiana dopo un processo in cui si presentano le prove e i testimoni.
Dal punto di vista morale, l’omicidio è considerato un atti gravemente reprezzibile che viola il diritto alla vita e la famiglia. La comunità civile può esprimere condannazione per questo tipo di crimine attraverso proteste, manifestazioni pubbliche o altre forme di azione civica.
Inoltre, l’omicidio è un trauma che affetta i famigliari della vittima e la società in generale. La comunità può offrire supporto ai parenti della vittima e lavorare per prevenire simili atti di violenza.
Mistral + Codice Penale Italiano:
La pena per il signor Mario che ha ammazzato sua moglie dandole del veleno nella cena è l’ergastolo.
Naberius (risposta sbagliata):
La pena per il Signor Mario, che ha ammazzato sua moglie dando lei del veleno nella cena, dipende dal sistema giuridico di cui fa parte l’Italia. In Italia, la pena più comune è la reclusione da 15 a 30 anni per omicidio preterintenzionale (cioè commesso con intenzione di uccidere ma non previa pianificazione). Tuttavia, in casi particolari come quello descritto, potrebbe essere applicata una pena più severa.
Naberius + Codice Penale Italiano (risposta corretta, anche se forse sull'”ergastolo” è stato fin troppo “realistico” 😀 ):
La pena per il Signor Mario dipende dal sistema legale in cui avviene l’omicidio. In molti sistemi, come quello italiano, un omicidio commesso con la somministrazione di veleno è considerato un reato di ergastolo e punito con una pena detentiva da 20 a 30 anni. Tuttavia, in alcuni casi, possono essere applicati aggravanti o attenuanti che modificano la durata della pena.
Ora un caso reale…
Accusa: il gioielliere Mario uccide due rapinatori mentre fuggono con il bottino sparandogli per strada. L’arma non era legalmente detenuta. Il caso è condannabile o è considerabile legittima difesa? se il gioielliere merita la condanna per quale reato dovrebbe essere sentenziata e con quanti anni di reclusione?
Mistral:
La situazione descritta in questo fatto potrebbe essere considerata una situazione di legittima difesa, ma solo se il gioielliere ha agito in modo da proteggersi o altrui dalle minacce imminenti e non con l’intenzione di uccidere.
Se il gioielliere ha agito per proteggersi o altrui, potrebbe essere considerato un caso di legittima difesa e sarebbero stati condannabili i rapinatori per omicidio premeditato. Tuttavia, se l’arma non era legalmente detenuta dal gioielliere, questo fatto potrebbe essere considerato un aggravante nella sentenza e potrebbe aumentare la pena di reclusione.
Ultima risposta: Il caso è condannabile per omicidio premeditato con l’aggravante dell’utilizzo di una arma illegale, che potrebbe portare a una pena di reclusione da 10 a 25 anni.
Mistral + Codice Penale Italiano:
In questo caso, l’omicidio del gioielliere Mario è considerabile legittima difesa. La legittima difesa è una forma di omicidio che si commette in seguito ad un attacco mortale e con il fine di proteggersi o di qualcuno altro da un reato imminente.
La difesa del gioielliere Mario può essere considerata legittima perché:
- L’omicidio è stato commesso in seguito ad un attacco mortale e con il fine di proteggersi o di qualcuno altro da un reato imminente;
- Il gioielliere Mario era già in possesso dell’arma che ha ucciso i rapinatori, quindi non è stato armatosi per commettere l’omicidio;
- La legge prevede la possibilità di ricorrere alla difesa del diritto di sicurezza personale e della difesa del proprio o del suo familiare, che in questo caso si può applicare al gioielliere Mario perché è stato attaccato da due rapinatori.
In base a queste considerazioni, il gioielliere Mario non merita la condanna per omicidio e l’omicidio è considerabile legittima difesa.
Naberius:
Il caso potrebbe essere considerato come un’azione di legittima difesa, a seconda delle circostanze. Tuttavia, se l’arma non era legalmente detenuta, ciò potrebbe influenzare la sentenza del tribunale. In questo caso, il gioielliere Mario dovrebbe essere condannato per omicidio in quanto ha ucciso due persone e l’uso di una arma non legalmente detenuta è un aggravante della pena. La durata della reclusione dipenderà dalla giudica che assegnerà la sentenza, ma potrebbe essere compresa tra 10-25 anni a seconda delle leggi locali e delle circostanze specifiche del caso.
Naberius + Codice Penale Italiano:
La situazione descritta potrebbe essere considerata una difesa legittima, in quanto Mario ha agito per proteggersi da un attacco mortale. Tuttavia, il fatto che l’arma non fosse legalmente detenuta potrebbe avere un impatto sulla valutazione della sua azione.
Se la difesa legittima è considerata validissima, Mario dovrebbe essere condannato per omicidio di primo grado con pena d’ergastolo (per l’omicidio premeditato e commesso con arma da fuoco). Tuttavia, se la difesa legittima è considerata solo parziale o non completa, Mario potrebbe essere condannato per omicidio di primo grado con pena d’ergastolo.
In ogni caso, il fatto che l’arma non fosse legalmente detenuta dovrebbe essere considerata un fattore aggravante nella sentenza.
… i Giudici Robot sono indecisi! 😀
E’ interessante notare come la scelta dell’LLM influenza le risposte sia in questo caso sia nei precedenti casi clinici e come tale influenza dipenda probabilmente sia dai dataset con cui sono addestrati sia da censure imposte dai loro sbiluppatori (che nella maggior parte dei casi come si è visto…fanno danni! Forse la Critica al Linguaggio che ho già scritto va letta anche a questo riguardo….)
A parte il caso specifico, questo test ovviamente apre la possibilità di creazione di chatbot anche per altri usi oltre quello medico, inoltre presto si procederà alla traduzione in italiano degli articoli di MMGPT ed a test nella nostra lingua! 🙂
Un pensiero riguardo “Quale LLM utilizzare con MMGPT?”